Accademia La Maison de la Danse Srld Italy

Ureteroscopy is defined as retrograde instrumentation performed with an endoscope passed through the lower urinary tract

directly into the ureter and calyceal system.[1] With the addition of actively deflectable, flexible endoscopes the

indications for ureteral access sheath have

broadened from diagnostic to a variety of complex minimally invasive therapies. Current ureteroscopic treatments include

intracorporeal lithotripsy (by far the most common), treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial malignancies, incising

strictures, evaluation of ureteral trauma, and repairing ureteropelvic junction obstructions.[2,3] With improved

instrumentation and incorporation of technologies such as a large endoscope working channel and active tip deflection, the

evolution of surgical techniques have broadened while the complications noted with ureteropyeloscopy have actually decreased

significantly.